diff --git a/src-tauri/src/commands/templates.rs b/src-tauri/src/commands/templates.rs
index 1616adf..2678a3f 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/commands/templates.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/commands/templates.rs
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ pub fn seed_builtin_templates() {
             name: "pnpm Monorepo",
             description: "多包 monorepo，含 apps/ 与 packages/ 目录",
             platform: "both",
-            tech_stack: "Node,pnpm",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"客户端":["Web"],"框架/工具":["Node","pnpm"]}"#,
             init_commands: "pnpm install",
             variants: None,
             files: vec![
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ pub fn seed_builtin_templates() {
             name: "pnpm App",
             description: "单包 Node.js 应用",
             platform: "both",
-            tech_stack: "Node,pnpm",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"客户端":["Web"],"框架/工具":["Node","pnpm"]}"#,
             init_commands: "pnpm install",
             variants: None,
             files: vec![
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ pub fn seed_builtin_templates() {
             name: "Rust",
             description: "Rust 二进制项目",
             platform: "both",
-            tech_stack: "Rust",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"客户端":["CLI","Desktop"],"语言":["Rust"]}"#,
             init_commands: "cargo build",
             variants: None,
             files: vec![
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ edition = "2021"
             name: "Tauri + React",
             description: "桌面应用，Tauri v2 + React 19 + TypeScript + Vite",
             platform: "both",
-            tech_stack: "Rust,Node,pnpm,React,TypeScript,Tauri",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"客户端":["Desktop"],"语言":["TypeScript","Rust"],"框架/工具":["React","Tauri","Node","pnpm"]}"#,
             init_commands: "pnpm install",
             variants: None,
             files: vec![
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ pub fn run() {
             name: "Expo",
             description: "React Native 移动端 App（Android / iOS）。TypeScript + Expo SDK，适合游戏、工具、内容类手机应用。选择下方模板变体来确定初始化方式。",
             platform: "both",
-            tech_stack: "React Native,TypeScript,Expo",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"客户端":["Android","iOS"],"语言":["TypeScript"],"框架/工具":["React Native","Expo"]}"#,
             init_commands: "pnpm create expo-app@latest . --template blank-typescript",
             variants: Some(r#"[
   {"label":"blank-typescript（推荐）","description":"最小化 TypeScript 起步，适合游戏类、工具类、独立 App","initCommands":"pnpm create expo-app@latest . --template blank-typescript"},
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ pub fn run() {
             name: "pnpm Monorepo + Expo",
             description: "pnpm 多包 Monorepo：apps/ 内含 Expo Router (React Native) 应用，packages/ 内含共享 @repo/types 包。Metro 已配置 monorepo 路径解析（含 Windows 兼容修复），适合多 App 扩展场景。",
             platform: "both",
-            tech_stack: "React Native,TypeScript,Expo,pnpm",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"客户端":["Android","iOS","Web"],"语言":["TypeScript"],"框架/工具":["React Native","Expo","pnpm"]}"#,
             init_commands: "pnpm install",
             variants: None,
             files: vec![
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ const styles = StyleSheet.create({
             name: "React + Vite SPA",
             description: "纯前端 Web 应用，React 19 + TypeScript + TailwindCSS v4 + React Router v7",
             platform: "both",
-            tech_stack: "React,TypeScript,Vite,TailwindCSS",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"客户端":["Web"],"语言":["TypeScript"],"框架/工具":["React","Vite","TailwindCSS"]}"#,
             init_commands: "pnpm install",
             variants: None,
             files: vec![
@@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ export default function App() {
             name: "Tauri + React + Tailwind",
             description: "桌面应用，Tauri v2 + React 19 + TypeScript + TailwindCSS v4",
             platform: "both",
-            tech_stack: "Rust,Node,pnpm,React,TypeScript,Tauri,TailwindCSS",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"客户端":["Desktop"],"语言":["TypeScript","Rust"],"框架/工具":["React","Tauri","TailwindCSS","Node","pnpm"]}"#,
             init_commands: "pnpm install",
             variants: None,
             files: vec![
@@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ pub fn run() {
             name: "Web + Mobile Monorepo",
             description: "跨平台代码复用：packages/core 共享业务逻辑，apps/web（Vite + Tailwind）+ apps/mobile（Expo + NativeWind）",
             platform: "both",
-            tech_stack: "React,React Native,TypeScript,Expo,Vite,TailwindCSS,NativeWind,pnpm",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"客户端":["Android","iOS","Web"],"语言":["TypeScript"],"框架/工具":["React","React Native","Expo","Vite","TailwindCSS","NativeWind","pnpm"]}"#,
             init_commands: "pnpm install",
             variants: None,
             files: vec![
@@ -1589,6 +1589,693 @@ export default function HomeScreen() {
 "#),
             ],
         },
+        // ── 三端体系模板（同一架构，按需起步）────────────────────────────────────
+        Tpl {
+            id: "builtin-react-web",
+            name: "React Web",
+            description: "三端体系 Web 基础。React 18 + TypeScript + Ant Design 5 + Zustand，可随时扩展为 Capacitor Android 或 Tauri Desktop。",
+            platform: "both",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"体系":["三端"],"客户端":["Web"],"语言":["TypeScript"],"框架/工具":["React","Ant Design","Zustand","Vite","pnpm"]}"#,
+            init_commands: "pnpm install",
+            variants: None,
+            files: vec![
+                ("package.json", r#"{
+  "name": "{{project_name_kebab}}",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "type": "module",
+  "scripts": {
+    "web": "vite",
+    "build": "vite build",
+    "preview": "vite preview",
+    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "antd": "^5.21.0",
+    "react": "^18.3.0",
+    "react-dom": "^18.3.0",
+    "zustand": "^5.0.0"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/react": "^18.3.0",
+    "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.0",
+    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.0",
+    "typescript": "^5.5.0",
+    "vite": "^5.4.0"
+  }
+}
+"#),
+                ("vite.config.ts", r#"import { defineConfig, loadEnv } from "vite";
+import react from "@vitejs/plugin-react";
+
+export default defineConfig(({ mode }) => {
+  loadEnv(mode, process.cwd(), "");
+  return {
+    plugins: [react()],
+    base: mode === "capacitor" ? "./" : "/",
+  };
+});
+"#),
+                ("tsconfig.json", r#"{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2020",
+    "useDefineForClassFields": true,
+    "lib": ["ES2020", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "jsx": "react-jsx",
+    "strict": true
+  },
+  "include": ["src"]
+}
+"#),
+                ("index.html", r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>{{project_name}}</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="root"></div>
+    <script type="module" src="/src/main.tsx"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
+"#),
+                (".env", "VITE_PLATFORM=web\n"),
+                ("src/main.tsx", r#"import React from "react";
+import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
+import App from "./App";
+
+ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root") as HTMLElement).render(
+  <React.StrictMode>
+    <App />
+  </React.StrictMode>
+);
+"#),
+                ("src/App.tsx", r#"import { Button } from "antd";
+import { useAppStore } from "./store";
+
+export default function App() {
+  const { count, increment } = useAppStore();
+  return (
+    <div style={{ padding: "2rem", fontFamily: "sans-serif" }}>
+      <h1>{{project_name}}</h1>
+      <p>React 18 + Ant Design 5 + Zustand</p>
+      <Button type="primary" onClick={increment}>
+        count: {count}
+      </Button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+"#),
+                ("src/store/index.ts", r#"import { create } from "zustand";
+
+interface AppStore {
+  count: number;
+  increment: () => void;
+}
+
+export const useAppStore = create<AppStore>((set) => ({
+  count: 0,
+  increment: () => set((s) => ({ count: s.count + 1 })),
+}));
+"#),
+                (".gitignore", "node_modules/\ndist/\n*.log\n.env\n.env.*\n!.env.example\n"),
+            ],
+        },
+        Tpl {
+            id: "builtin-react-capacitor",
+            name: "React + Capacitor",
+            description: "Web + Android。React 18 + Ant Design 5 + Zustand + Capacitor 8，pnpm build:cap 打包为原生 APK。",
+            platform: "both",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"体系":["三端"],"客户端":["Web","Android"],"语言":["TypeScript"],"框架/工具":["React","Ant Design","Zustand","Capacitor","Vite","pnpm"]}"#,
+            init_commands: "pnpm install",
+            variants: None,
+            files: vec![
+                ("package.json", r#"{
+  "name": "{{project_name_kebab}}",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "type": "module",
+  "scripts": {
+    "web": "vite",
+    "build": "vite build",
+    "build:cap": "vite build --mode capacitor && npx cap sync",
+    "preview": "vite preview",
+    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@capacitor/core": "^8.0.0",
+    "antd": "^5.21.0",
+    "react": "^18.3.0",
+    "react-dom": "^18.3.0",
+    "zustand": "^5.0.0"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@capacitor/android": "^8.0.0",
+    "@capacitor/cli": "^8.0.0",
+    "@types/react": "^18.3.0",
+    "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.0",
+    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.0",
+    "typescript": "^5.5.0",
+    "vite": "^5.4.0"
+  }
+}
+"#),
+                ("vite.config.ts", r#"import { defineConfig, loadEnv } from "vite";
+import react from "@vitejs/plugin-react";
+
+export default defineConfig(({ mode }) => {
+  loadEnv(mode, process.cwd(), "");
+  return {
+    plugins: [react()],
+    base: mode === "capacitor" ? "./" : "/",
+  };
+});
+"#),
+                ("tsconfig.json", r#"{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2020",
+    "useDefineForClassFields": true,
+    "lib": ["ES2020", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "jsx": "react-jsx",
+    "strict": true
+  },
+  "include": ["src", "capacitor.config.ts"]
+}
+"#),
+                ("index.html", r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>{{project_name}}</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="root"></div>
+    <script type="module" src="/src/main.tsx"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
+"#),
+                (".env", "VITE_PLATFORM=web\n"),
+                (".env.capacitor", "VITE_PLATFORM=android\n"),
+                ("capacitor.config.ts", r#"import type { CapacitorConfig } from "@capacitor/cli";
+
+const config: CapacitorConfig = {
+  appId: "com.example.{{project_name_snake}}",
+  appName: "{{project_name}}",
+  webDir: "dist",
+};
+
+export default config;
+"#),
+                ("src/main.tsx", r#"import React from "react";
+import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
+import App from "./App";
+
+ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root") as HTMLElement).render(
+  <React.StrictMode>
+    <App />
+  </React.StrictMode>
+);
+"#),
+                ("src/App.tsx", r#"import { Button } from "antd";
+import { useAppStore } from "./store";
+
+export default function App() {
+  const { count, increment } = useAppStore();
+  return (
+    <div style={{ padding: "2rem", fontFamily: "sans-serif" }}>
+      <h1>{{project_name}}</h1>
+      <p>React 18 + Ant Design 5 + Zustand + Capacitor</p>
+      <Button type="primary" onClick={increment}>
+        count: {count}
+      </Button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+"#),
+                ("src/store/index.ts", r#"import { create } from "zustand";
+
+interface AppStore {
+  count: number;
+  increment: () => void;
+}
+
+export const useAppStore = create<AppStore>((set) => ({
+  count: 0,
+  increment: () => set((s) => ({ count: s.count + 1 })),
+}));
+"#),
+                (".gitignore", "node_modules/\ndist/\n*.log\n.env\n.env.*\n!.env.example\nandroid/\n"),
+            ],
+        },
+        Tpl {
+            id: "builtin-react-tauri-antd",
+            name: "React + Tauri",
+            description: "Web + Desktop。React 18 + Ant Design 5 + Zustand + Tauri 2，pnpm build:desktop 打包为原生桌面应用。",
+            platform: "both",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"体系":["三端"],"客户端":["Web","Desktop"],"语言":["TypeScript","Rust"],"框架/工具":["React","Ant Design","Zustand","Tauri","Vite","pnpm"]}"#,
+            init_commands: "pnpm install",
+            variants: None,
+            files: vec![
+                ("package.json", r#"{
+  "name": "{{project_name_kebab}}",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "type": "module",
+  "scripts": {
+    "web": "vite",
+    "build": "vite build",
+    "build:desktop": "tauri build",
+    "dev:desktop": "tauri dev",
+    "preview": "vite preview",
+    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@tauri-apps/api": "^2",
+    "antd": "^5.21.0",
+    "react": "^18.3.0",
+    "react-dom": "^18.3.0",
+    "zustand": "^5.0.0"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@tauri-apps/cli": "^2",
+    "@types/react": "^18.3.0",
+    "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.0",
+    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.0",
+    "typescript": "^5.5.0",
+    "vite": "^5.4.0"
+  }
+}
+"#),
+                ("vite.config.ts", r#"import { defineConfig, loadEnv } from "vite";
+import react from "@vitejs/plugin-react";
+
+export default defineConfig(({ mode }) => {
+  loadEnv(mode, process.cwd(), "");
+  return {
+    plugins: [react()],
+    base: mode === "capacitor" ? "./" : "/",
+    clearScreen: false,
+    server: {
+      port: 1420,
+      strictPort: true,
+      watch: {
+        ignored: ["**/src-tauri/**"],
+      },
+    },
+  };
+});
+"#),
+                ("tsconfig.json", r#"{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2020",
+    "useDefineForClassFields": true,
+    "lib": ["ES2020", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "jsx": "react-jsx",
+    "strict": true
+  },
+  "include": ["src"]
+}
+"#),
+                ("index.html", r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>{{project_name}}</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="root"></div>
+    <script type="module" src="/src/main.tsx"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
+"#),
+                (".env", "VITE_PLATFORM=web\n"),
+                ("src/main.tsx", r#"import React from "react";
+import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
+import App from "./App";
+
+ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root") as HTMLElement).render(
+  <React.StrictMode>
+    <App />
+  </React.StrictMode>
+);
+"#),
+                ("src/App.tsx", r#"import { Button } from "antd";
+import { useAppStore } from "./store";
+
+export default function App() {
+  const { count, increment } = useAppStore();
+  return (
+    <div style={{ padding: "2rem", fontFamily: "sans-serif" }}>
+      <h1>{{project_name}}</h1>
+      <p>React 18 + Ant Design 5 + Zustand + Tauri 2</p>
+      <Button type="primary" onClick={increment}>
+        count: {count}
+      </Button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+"#),
+                ("src/store/index.ts", r#"import { create } from "zustand";
+
+interface AppStore {
+  count: number;
+  increment: () => void;
+}
+
+export const useAppStore = create<AppStore>((set) => ({
+  count: 0,
+  increment: () => set((s) => ({ count: s.count + 1 })),
+}));
+"#),
+                ("src-tauri/tauri.conf.json", r#"{
+  "$schema": "https://schema.tauri.app/config/2",
+  "productName": "{{project_name_kebab}}",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "identifier": "com.example.{{project_name_snake}}",
+  "build": {
+    "beforeDevCommand": "pnpm web",
+    "devUrl": "http://localhost:1420",
+    "beforeBuildCommand": "pnpm build",
+    "frontendDist": "../dist"
+  },
+  "app": {
+    "windows": [
+      {
+        "title": "{{project_name}}",
+        "width": 1200,
+        "height": 800
+      }
+    ],
+    "security": {
+      "csp": null
+    }
+  },
+  "bundle": {
+    "active": true,
+    "targets": "all",
+    "icon": []
+  }
+}
+"#),
+                ("src-tauri/Cargo.toml", r#"[package]
+name = "{{project_name_snake}}"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "A Tauri App"
+authors = []
+edition = "2021"
+
+[lib]
+name = "{{project_name_snake}}_lib"
+crate-type = ["staticlib", "cdylib", "rlib"]
+
+[build-dependencies]
+tauri-build = { version = "2", features = [] }
+
+[dependencies]
+tauri = { version = "2", features = [] }
+tauri-plugin-opener = "2"
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+"#),
+                ("src-tauri/build.rs", "fn main() {\n    tauri_build::build()\n}\n"),
+                ("src-tauri/src/main.rs", r#"// Prevents additional console window on Windows in release, DO NOT REMOVE!!
+#![cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), windows_subsystem = "windows")]
+
+fn main() {
+    {{project_name_snake}}_lib::run()
+}
+"#),
+                ("src-tauri/src/lib.rs", r#"#[cfg_attr(mobile, tauri::mobile_entry_point)]
+pub fn run() {
+    tauri::Builder::default()
+        .plugin(tauri_plugin_opener::init())
+        .invoke_handler(tauri::generate_handler![])
+        .run(tauri::generate_context!())
+        .expect("error while running tauri application");
+}
+"#),
+                ("src-tauri/capabilities/default.json", r#"{
+  "$schema": "../gen/schemas/desktop-schema.json",
+  "identifier": "default",
+  "description": "Capability for the main window",
+  "windows": ["main"],
+  "permissions": [
+    "core:default",
+    "opener:default"
+  ]
+}
+"#),
+                (".gitignore", "node_modules/\ndist/\n*.log\n.env\n.env.*\n!.env.example\nsrc-tauri/target/\nsrc-tauri/gen/\n"),
+            ],
+        },
+        Tpl {
+            id: "builtin-react-triplatform",
+            name: "React Tri-Platform",
+            description: "三端合一。同一套 React 18 + Ant Design 5 + Zustand 代码，pnpm web / build:cap / build:desktop 分别构建 Web / Android / Desktop。",
+            platform: "both",
+            tech_stack: r#"{"体系":["三端"],"客户端":["Web","Android","Desktop"],"语言":["TypeScript","Rust"],"框架/工具":["React","Ant Design","Zustand","Capacitor","Tauri","Vite","pnpm"]}"#,
+            init_commands: "pnpm install",
+            variants: None,
+            files: vec![
+                ("package.json", r#"{
+  "name": "{{project_name_kebab}}",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "type": "module",
+  "scripts": {
+    "web": "vite",
+    "build": "vite build",
+    "build:cap": "vite build --mode capacitor && npx cap sync",
+    "build:desktop": "tauri build",
+    "dev:desktop": "tauri dev",
+    "preview": "vite preview",
+    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@capacitor/core": "^8.0.0",
+    "@tauri-apps/api": "^2",
+    "antd": "^5.21.0",
+    "react": "^18.3.0",
+    "react-dom": "^18.3.0",
+    "zustand": "^5.0.0"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@capacitor/android": "^8.0.0",
+    "@capacitor/cli": "^8.0.0",
+    "@tauri-apps/cli": "^2",
+    "@types/react": "^18.3.0",
+    "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.0",
+    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.0",
+    "typescript": "^5.5.0",
+    "vite": "^5.4.0"
+  }
+}
+"#),
+                ("vite.config.ts", r#"import { defineConfig, loadEnv } from "vite";
+import react from "@vitejs/plugin-react";
+
+export default defineConfig(({ mode }) => {
+  loadEnv(mode, process.cwd(), "");
+  return {
+    plugins: [react()],
+    base: mode === "capacitor" ? "./" : "/",
+    clearScreen: false,
+    server: {
+      port: 1420,
+      strictPort: true,
+      watch: {
+        ignored: ["**/src-tauri/**"],
+      },
+    },
+  };
+});
+"#),
+                ("tsconfig.json", r#"{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2020",
+    "useDefineForClassFields": true,
+    "lib": ["ES2020", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "jsx": "react-jsx",
+    "strict": true
+  },
+  "include": ["src", "capacitor.config.ts"]
+}
+"#),
+                ("index.html", r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>{{project_name}}</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="root"></div>
+    <script type="module" src="/src/main.tsx"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
+"#),
+                (".env", "VITE_PLATFORM=web\n"),
+                (".env.capacitor", "VITE_PLATFORM=android\n"),
+                ("capacitor.config.ts", r#"import type { CapacitorConfig } from "@capacitor/cli";
+
+const config: CapacitorConfig = {
+  appId: "com.example.{{project_name_snake}}",
+  appName: "{{project_name}}",
+  webDir: "dist",
+};
+
+export default config;
+"#),
+                ("src/main.tsx", r#"import React from "react";
+import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
+import App from "./App";
+
+ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root") as HTMLElement).render(
+  <React.StrictMode>
+    <App />
+  </React.StrictMode>
+);
+"#),
+                ("src/App.tsx", r#"import { Button } from "antd";
+import { useAppStore } from "./store";
+
+export default function App() {
+  const { count, increment } = useAppStore();
+  return (
+    <div style={{ padding: "2rem", fontFamily: "sans-serif" }}>
+      <h1>{{project_name}}</h1>
+      <p>React 18 + Ant Design 5 + Zustand · Web / Android / Desktop</p>
+      <Button type="primary" onClick={increment}>
+        count: {count}
+      </Button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+"#),
+                ("src/store/index.ts", r#"import { create } from "zustand";
+
+interface AppStore {
+  count: number;
+  increment: () => void;
+}
+
+export const useAppStore = create<AppStore>((set) => ({
+  count: 0,
+  increment: () => set((s) => ({ count: s.count + 1 })),
+}));
+"#),
+                ("src-tauri/tauri.conf.json", r#"{
+  "$schema": "https://schema.tauri.app/config/2",
+  "productName": "{{project_name_kebab}}",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "identifier": "com.example.{{project_name_snake}}",
+  "build": {
+    "beforeDevCommand": "pnpm web",
+    "devUrl": "http://localhost:1420",
+    "beforeBuildCommand": "pnpm build",
+    "frontendDist": "../dist"
+  },
+  "app": {
+    "windows": [
+      {
+        "title": "{{project_name}}",
+        "width": 1200,
+        "height": 800
+      }
+    ],
+    "security": {
+      "csp": null
+    }
+  },
+  "bundle": {
+    "active": true,
+    "targets": "all",
+    "icon": []
+  }
+}
+"#),
+                ("src-tauri/Cargo.toml", r#"[package]
+name = "{{project_name_snake}}"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "A Tauri App"
+authors = []
+edition = "2021"
+
+[lib]
+name = "{{project_name_snake}}_lib"
+crate-type = ["staticlib", "cdylib", "rlib"]
+
+[build-dependencies]
+tauri-build = { version = "2", features = [] }
+
+[dependencies]
+tauri = { version = "2", features = [] }
+tauri-plugin-opener = "2"
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+"#),
+                ("src-tauri/build.rs", "fn main() {\n    tauri_build::build()\n}\n"),
+                ("src-tauri/src/main.rs", r#"// Prevents additional console window on Windows in release, DO NOT REMOVE!!
+#![cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), windows_subsystem = "windows")]
+
+fn main() {
+    {{project_name_snake}}_lib::run()
+}
+"#),
+                ("src-tauri/src/lib.rs", r#"#[cfg_attr(mobile, tauri::mobile_entry_point)]
+pub fn run() {
+    tauri::Builder::default()
+        .plugin(tauri_plugin_opener::init())
+        .invoke_handler(tauri::generate_handler![])
+        .run(tauri::generate_context!())
+        .expect("error while running tauri application");
+}
+"#),
+                ("src-tauri/capabilities/default.json", r#"{
+  "$schema": "../gen/schemas/desktop-schema.json",
+  "identifier": "default",
+  "description": "Capability for the main window",
+  "windows": ["main"],
+  "permissions": [
+    "core:default",
+    "opener:default"
+  ]
+}
+"#),
+                (".gitignore", "node_modules/\ndist/\n*.log\n.env\n.env.*\n!.env.example\nandroid/\nsrc-tauri/target/\nsrc-tauri/gen/\n"),
+            ],
+        },
         // ── 知识库（择升环）────────────────────────────────────────────────────
         Tpl {
             id: "builtin-knowledge-loop",
@@ -1709,9 +2396,15 @@ cases/ 是检验层：概念卡晋升 CORE 的依据来自真实案例。
 
     for t in &templates {
         let _ = conn.execute(
-            "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO project_templates
+            "INSERT INTO project_templates
              (id, name, description, platform, tech_stack, init_commands, is_builtin, variants)
-             VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, 1, ?7)",
+             VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, 1, ?7)
+             ON CONFLICT(id) DO UPDATE SET
+                 name          = excluded.name,
+                 description   = excluded.description,
+                 tech_stack    = excluded.tech_stack,
+                 init_commands = excluded.init_commands,
+                 variants      = excluded.variants",
             params![
                 t.id,
                 t.name,
@@ -1722,16 +2415,11 @@ cases/ 是检验层：概念卡晋升 CORE 的依据来自真实案例。
                 t.variants,
             ],
         );
-        // 已存在的模板也补充 variants（INSERT OR IGNORE 不更新已有行）
-        let _ = conn.execute(
-            "UPDATE project_templates SET variants = ?1 WHERE id = ?2 AND is_builtin = 1",
-            params![t.variants, t.id],
-        );
 
         for (path, content) in &t.files {
             let file_id = format!("{}-{}", t.id, path.replace('/', "-"));
             let _ = conn.execute(
-                "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO project_template_files (id, template_id, path, content)
+                "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO project_template_files (id, template_id, path, content)
                  VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, ?4)",
                 params![file_id, t.id, path, content],
             );
diff --git a/src/components/manage/ManagePage.tsx b/src/components/manage/ManagePage.tsx
index e11de66..5911868 100644
--- a/src/components/manage/ManagePage.tsx
+++ b/src/components/manage/ManagePage.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { PriorityBadge, StatusBadge } from "../ui/Badge";
 import { Dialog } from "../ui/Dialog";
 import { TemplateEditor } from "./TemplateEditor";
 import { NewProjectModal } from "./NewProjectModal";
+import { renderTechStack } from "./techStackUtils";
 import { TagsManager } from "./TagsManager";
 import { RegistryTab } from "../dashboard/RepoRegistryModal";
 
@@ -849,15 +850,7 @@ function TemplatesTab({ spaceId: _spaceId }: { spaceId?: string }) {
                 )}
               </div>
             </div>
-            {t.techStack && (
-              <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1">
-                {t.techStack.split(",").map((tag) => (
-                  <span key={tag} className="text-[10px] px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded-full bg-indigo-50 text-indigo-500">
-                    {tag.trim()}
-                  </span>
-                ))}
-              </div>
-            )}
+            {t.techStack && renderTechStack(t.techStack)}
             {t.initCommands && (
               <code className="text-[11px] text-gray-400 font-mono">
                 $ {t.initCommands.split("\n")[0]}
diff --git a/src/components/manage/NewProjectModal.tsx b/src/components/manage/NewProjectModal.tsx
index 95e012e..a693669 100644
--- a/src/components/manage/NewProjectModal.tsx
+++ b/src/components/manage/NewProjectModal.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   listTemplates, createProjectFromTemplate, TemplateVariant,
 } from "../../lib/commands";
 import { useUIStore } from "../../store/ui";
+import { renderTechStack } from "./techStackUtils";
 
 interface Props {
   spaceId?: string;
@@ -286,15 +287,7 @@ export function NewProjectModal({ spaceId, onClose }: Props) {
                       {t.description && (
                         <p className="text-xs text-gray-400 mt-0.5">{t.description}</p>
                       )}
-                      {t.techStack && (
-                        <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1 mt-1.5">
-                          {t.techStack.split(",").map((tag) => (
-                            <span key={tag} className="text-[10px] px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded-full bg-indigo-50 text-indigo-500">
-                              {tag.trim()}
-                            </span>
-                          ))}
-                        </div>
-                      )}
+                      {t.techStack && <div className="mt-1.5">{renderTechStack(t.techStack)}</div>}
                       {variants.length === 0 && t.initCommands && (
                         <p className="text-[11px] text-gray-300 mt-1 font-mono">$ {t.initCommands.split("\n")[0]}</p>
                       )}
diff --git a/src/components/manage/TemplateEditor.tsx b/src/components/manage/TemplateEditor.tsx
index 9e06f74..f98162a 100644
--- a/src/components/manage/TemplateEditor.tsx
+++ b/src/components/manage/TemplateEditor.tsx
@@ -149,13 +149,13 @@ export function TemplateEditor({ templateId, onClose }: Props) {
               </select>
             </div>
             <div>
-              <label className="block text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 mb-1">技术栈标签（逗号分隔）</label>
+              <label className="block text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 mb-1">技术栈标签</label>
               <input
                 className="w-full border border-gray-200 rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-sm outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-200"
                 value={techStack}
                 onChange={(e) => setTechStack(e.target.value)}
                 disabled={isBuiltin}
-                placeholder="Node,pnpm,TypeScript"
+                placeholder='{"客户端":["Web"],"语言":["TypeScript"],"框架/工具":["React","Vite"]}'
               />
             </div>
             <div className="col-span-2">
diff --git a/src/components/manage/techStackUtils.tsx b/src/components/manage/techStackUtils.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ae2597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/manage/techStackUtils.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+const TECH_STACK_COLORS: Record<string, string> = {
+  "体系": "bg-orange-50 text-orange-500",
+  "客户端": "bg-green-50 text-green-600",
+  "语言": "bg-blue-50 text-blue-600",
+  "框架/工具": "bg-indigo-50 text-indigo-500",
+};
+
+export function renderTechStack(techStack: string) {
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(techStack) as Record<string, string[]>;
+    return (
+      <div className="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
+        {Object.entries(parsed).map(([cat, tags]) =>
+          tags.length > 0 ? (
+            <div key={cat} className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1">
+              <span className="text-[9px] text-gray-400 mr-0.5">{cat}</span>
+              {tags.map((tag) => (
+                <span
+                  key={tag}
+                  className={`text-[10px] px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded-full ${TECH_STACK_COLORS[cat] ?? "bg-indigo-50 text-indigo-500"}`}
+                >
+                  {tag}
+                </span>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          ) : null
+        )}
+      </div>
+    );
+  } catch {
+    return (
+      <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1">
+        {techStack.split(",").map((tag) => (
+          <span key={tag} className="text-[10px] px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded-full bg-indigo-50 text-indigo-500">
+            {tag.trim()}
+          </span>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/commands.ts b/src/lib/commands.ts
index c1d48c1..18263b3 100644
--- a/src/lib/commands.ts
+++ b/src/lib/commands.ts
@@ -614,6 +614,7 @@ export interface ProjectTemplate {
   name: string;
   description?: string;
   platform: string; // "win" | "wsl" | "both"
+  /** 逗号字符串（旧格式）或分类 JSON `{"客户端":[],"语言":[],"框架/工具":[]}` */
   techStack?: string;
   initCommands?: string;
   isBuiltin: boolean;